American actress and public official whose successful stage career was succeeded by an even more noteworthy period as a politician.

Helen Gahagan attended Barnard College, New York City, for two years before seeking a career on the stage. After a Broadway debut in the short-lived Manhattan (1922), she appeared in a number of plays over the next several years, gaining a reputation as a competent actress and a stunningly beautiful woman. In 1928 she left the theatre to study operatic singing, and she made several successful appearances on European stages. In 1930 she returned to New York City and the theatre. In Tonight or Never, David Belasco (Belasco, David)'s last Broadway production, she met Melvyn Douglas, whom she married in 1931. Her notable stage appearances over the next few years included Moor Born (1934), Mary of Scotland (1934), Mother Lode (1934), and And Stars Remain (1936), and in 1935 she starred in a film version of She.

During the 1930s Gahagan Douglas became sharply aware of the social dislocations of the Great Depression, and, leaving the Republican Party she had followed by family tradition, she became active in Democratic and New Deal politics. She was appointed to the national advisory committee for the Works Progress Administration in 1939 and to the California state committee of the National Youth Administration in 1940. In the next several years she held a variety of state-level positions in the Democratic Party. In 1944 she won election to the House of Representatives from California's 14th District, and she held the seat through two reelections from January 1945 to January 1951. She was a staunch supporter of President Harry S. Truman's Fair Deal policies, and in 1946 Truman appointed her a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly.

In 1950 Gahagan Douglas ran for a Senate seat from California but was defeated by Richard M. Nixon (Nixon, Richard M.) after a campaign that later became proverbial for “red-baiting” and vicious politics. Thereafter she became known as a lecturer and author. In 1963 she published The Eleanor Roosevelt We Remember.