pope from 882 to 884. He was a deacon when, in 869, Pope Adrian II sent him as emissary to the fourth Council of Constantinople, which condemned Patriarch St. Photius of Constantinople for defending Eastern traditions against the Roman Church. Marinus was made bishop of Caere, now Cerveteri, Italy, by Pope John VIII, who appointed him ambassador to Constantinople to negotiate the schism following Photius' condemnation. Upon John's assassination, Marinus was elected pope in December 882, the first bishop of another diocese to be elected bishop of Rome. He continued discussing the issue of Photius, and he absolved and restored Cardinal Bishop Formosus (later pope) of Porto, Italy, whom John had deposed.